Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2019

Serological study of leptospirosis in dogs from French Guiana

C. Roqueplo
  • Fonction : Auteur
B. Davoust
  • Fonction : Auteur
J.-L. Marié
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Purpose: Leptospirosis is the most common zoonosis in the world and is considered as an emerging human disease. In French Guiana, recent epidemiological data indicate a significant increase in human cases since 2012, with an annual incidence in 2014 of 39 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, making it one of the major hotspots in the world. Considering this situation, the main goal of the present study was to investigate the incidence of the infection in dogs which are possible reservoirs or maintenance hosts for leptospires. Methods & Materials: A serological survey was conducted in Guiana in 2016 on 95 dogs from Cayenne and Kourou. Location, race, sex, age, health and vaccination status were recorded for each dog. Sera obtained were tested for 27 serovars of pathogenic Leptospira species by the microscopic agglutination test. The results were interpreted according to the decision tree used in the VetAgro Sup leptospires laboratory, Lyon, France. Results: Among the 95 samples, 59 showed agglutination at the cut-off point (1:20) for one or more pathogenic leptospiral serovars. Focusing on high titres (≥1:160), seroprevalence was 11.6%. No statistically significant difference of prevalence due respectively to sex and age was observed (p>0.05). Icterohaemorhagiae (40%), Australis (33.3%) and Canicola (27%) were the most frequently observed serogroups. Conclusion: Dogs are not usually considered as a reservoir for Leptospira, except for Canicola, thus, the high prevalence found in this study in unvaccinated dogs probably results from a heavy exposure. However, the cut-off points selected and the absence of kinetic serology do not allow, in most cases, to conclude in favor of a current active infection. Dogs are highly exposed to pathogenic leptospires and humans living in the same environment are also at risk of infection. Thus, dogs could be considered as sentinels for human exposure to this zoonotic pathogen. In French Guiana, 98% of which is covered by equatorial rainforest, all the conditions are in place for the development of leptospirosis, particularly the climate which is characterized by abundant rainfalls and high temperatures all year round, the presence of numerous streams, and close contact with domestic animals and wildlife.

Dates et versions

hal-04750243 , version 1 (23-10-2024)

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C. Roqueplo, B. Davoust, J.-L. Marié, Angeli Kodjo. Serological study of leptospirosis in dogs from French Guiana. International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance, Nov 2018, Vienne, Austria. pp.121-122, ⟨10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.298⟩. ⟨hal-04750243⟩
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